In the Spring and Autumn Period, the royal family declines, the heroes are hegemonic, the strong is stored, and the weak is dead.This is the first troubled world in ancient Chinese history. The mergers of large and small princes have laid the foundation for the seven male dingsters during the Warring States Period.Ma Qian, the company, described this: "Thirty -six monarchs, 52 deaths, and the princes must not be able to keep their community."
To understand such a chaotic era, the three biography -"Zuo Zhuan", "The Biography of the Rabbit", "Gu Liang Biography".Compared with the other two biography, "Zuo Zhuan" is good at portraying characters, attaches great importance to records, and is more detailed in memoir."Zuo Zhuan" is the first comprehensive chronological book in my country, and it is also the most important historical basis for our study of the Spring and Autumn society.
The original text of the "Zuo Zhuan" is refined and unique, but it is not easy to understand.How to understand "Zuo Zhuan" and understand spring and autumn?Huang Pu Min, a professor of the National College of Renmin University of China, has the latest masterpiece "The World of the Princes", returns to the original text of "Zuo Zhuan", penetrates the details of the text, and adheres to the concept of "everyone writes a small book".Destiny, analyze the complexity and truth of human nature; on the other hand, the theory of emerging historical theories is used to analyze the political tendency behind historical materials to try to restore historical truth.The following trials will explain the unique insights of the author in this book.
1. Tips to peel the cocoon and restore the historical truth
The long-circulating "Zhaos orphan"The story is popular because of the tension of "revenge" and "loyalty".Among all kinds of adaptation, the miscellaneous drama "The Orphan of Zhao" made by Ji Junxiang of the Yuan Dynasty was the most famous.This tragedy is based on the "difficulty of the lower palace" in the Jin Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period. However, it is not strictly written in accordance with historical facts, but the "re -creation" with "Historical Records of Zhao Shijia" as the main content reference.In the "Historical Records of Zhao Shijia", the Zhao family of the Jin State was tragically disaster in the three years of Jinjing Gong (597 BC), and it was called "the difficulty of the lower palace" in history.Zhaos remains Zhao Wu, under the protection of the guest Gongsun Ji Ji and Cheng Ying, relied on the help of Han Jue and others to help revive the foundation of Zhaos.After Zhaos orphan Zhao Wu was reported, Cheng Ying, the loyalty of the loyalty, went to death generously, and died of his sword.And Zhao Wu is Cheng Yings "serving for three years, sacrificing it for three years, sacrificing it, the Spring and Autumn Temple, and the world."This dramatic story constitutes the original blueprint of the legendary legends about the "Zhaos orphan" later.However, in the same "Historical Records", the records of "Zhaos orphan" are very different.In the ", there is no loyal minister righteous, and there is no conspiracy and other conspiracy colors such as pursuing murder. Instead, he records the power game between the internal room and Qiang Qing in the internal room of the Jin Dynasty.This version is also closer to the tone of "The Difficulty of the Gong Palace", which is actually a conflict between the internal room of the Jin Dynasty and the Great Qing Dynasty and the giants of the major Qiang Qing.
The same historical events have different records. Why?On the one hand, Professor Huang Pumin verified the "Zuo Zhuan" era. He believed that "Zuo Zhuan" was written in the early days of the Warring States Period. When recorded "the difficulty of the lower palace", he had obvious pursuit.Reward; on the other hand, analyze the political ecology of the Jin State at the time, and believes that since the Zhao clan was the last victor in the "three divisions of Jin", the writers of "Zuo Zhuan" were recovering the Zhao clan and the Jin Dynasty room.In the relationship, we must not choose a political position that is beneficial and "correct", and intentionally or unintentionally shape Zhao as a positive figure, and Zhaos political enemies have to play with the ugly horn.Italian scholar Crozi once said that "all true history is contemporary history."Because history has its own function for contemporary times, the winner will distort and transform historical facts at the expense, making it beneficial to themselves.The "orphan" was the power of power in the Jin Dynasty, but it was gradually constructed to the argument of loyalty under the writing of the historians of later generations.More outrageous.The truth that once happened was unknown, but folklore has become an example of moral education and has greater power.Because of this, we must be alert to distort history into "myths".
Second, use ancient as a mirror, understand complex humanity
"New Tang Book · Wei Zheng"Biography" says: "Bronze by copper, you can be in the top of the clothes; you can learn from ancient times, you can know the replacement; you can learn from the people."In todays world.In this book, in addition to giving full play to the research and clarification of specific historical events, Professor Huang Pu Min is more focused on the fate and choice of individual individuals during the Spring and Autumn Period.The complexity of human nature.Take Gongsun Heis self -destruction as an example.Such a loyal minister, but did three overbearing and overbearing incidents after he took power, namely the ruling uncle who killed Dang Dynasty without authorization, won the beauty with the grandchildren of the children of the father, and forcibly participated in the "Seven Mu" league.EssenceGongsun Hei is so public that, of course, people of insight will see the hidden danger."Zuo Zhuan" records that Zheng Guoziyu commented on Gongsun Hei: "It is with geometry! Well, rude and good mausoleum, wealthy and humble, and for a long time!" It means that Gongsuns good times are not long.Sure enough, Gongsun Hei launched a rebellion and was cleared by Zheng Guos ruling child. Gongsun Hei asked his child to leave himself or let his son be an official, but he was rejected.The only ruthless death was greeted by Gongsun Hei.Professor Huang Pu Min reminded the reader: "What Gongsun Hei has done is to add bricks for his self -destruction. His ultimate defeat is not from the suppression of others, but it should be blamed for his unlimited expansion.And endless toss. If you dare not dare, then live, such wisdom, Gongsun Black does not have it at all; Ao is not long, the desire is not full, and the joy is extremely happy.I dont understand. So, he ended up with such an ending. It is the so-called "courageous dare, then kill ."
Professors strokes, readers can in -depth understanding of the long -aged and close attacks between the vassals, the strategies of the famous ministers, and the inspiration from the wisdom of the ancients.Professor Huang Pu Min showed the wisdom and mind of historical figures with a unique perspective and profound insight.Through vivid narrative and brilliant analysis, he showed readers the game and wisdom in the ancient political pattern, making people seem to be in that complicated era.
Text/Yu Xinya (Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House)
Editor/Qiao Ying
