Author: Shen Jie
Graduated from the School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology;
Deputy Chairman of the Nutrition Professional Committee of the Chinese and Western Medicine Society of Chinese and Western Medicine
"China Clinical Nutrition Network" consultant
Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicines Public Health and Prevention Medical Discipline Pioneer (original subject leader, discipline director)
) The founders research direction: basic theoretical research, epidemiology and statistical application research.
This article is selected from: "Clinical Nutrition Management-Basic, Skills and Cases", Chemical Industry Press P320-321
"The concept is the basic unit of thinking, the starting point and end point of thinking.The concept is the basis of clinical nutrition management. Whether the understanding and use correctly determine the ability of professionalism and solving professional problems.Basic concepts refer to basic, fundamental, and main concepts.The basic concept of clinical nutrition involved in this book is cognition and expressions based on both collection and adoption, which is intended to evoke the attention of the industrys fans.
1. Standards for Life There are three basic standards: ① the number of life -life life per capita; ② Life quality -meaning to society; ③ quality of life -not to become a social burden.The development of life needs to be transformed from quantitative indicators to quality index. This is the requirements of health, medicine, and nutrition in the new era.
2. Quality of Life (QOL) refers to the structure of the life body,The degree of advantages and disadvantages of form and function and its ability to survive, reproduce, and develop.It mainly refers to the subjective satisfaction of the crowd/individual to the physical and mental damage caused by their diseases and their intervention.The pursuit of quality of life is the prerequisite for improving the quality of life to improve the quality of life.
3. Life Quality (LQ) The comprehensive evaluation of the living conditions of the crowd and affecting social functions usually refers to the status of peoples survival in the social environment and the level of enjoyment of material and cultural life, and the level of self -needs.The quality of life reflects the gap between personal expectations and actual living conditions. The larger the gap, the worse the quality of life.Therefore, the quality of life actually measures two aspects: one is personal expectations. The higher the personal expectations, the lower the quality of life; the second is the actual living conditions. The worse the actual living conditions, the worse the quality of life.The pursuit of quality of life is the pursuit of development.The purpose of medicine is to prevent and intervene in diseases, maintain and promote health, and improve the quality of life.Therefore, improving the quality of life is the fundamental task of medicine.
4. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) There are two basic standards: ① the number of life quantity; ② life quality standards, that is, not only need to live, but also need happiness.It is an individual in different cultural and value systems in their life goals, expectations, standards, and the experience of living conditions related to what they care about.At present, the method of evaluating health -related life quality is widely used to standardize the measurement method, that is, the formal standardized measurement table (Rating Scale) with a good trust, validity, and response of the test after inspectionRelevant life quality conducts a comprehensive assessment of multi -dimensional.The measurement of the quality of health -related life can be divided into two categories: specific disease scale and universal quantity table.
5. Interaction When an ending, if their role is greater than (synergistic) or less than (antagonistic), it is called interaction between these factors, also known as effect modification.For example, when the two factors exist at the same time, if the effect caused by (a) does not mean that their separate effects are added (B+C), there is an interaction between factors.When A = B+C, there is no interaction effect; when A & GT; B+C, it is called positive interaction, also known as synergies (synergy); when A & LT; B+CThe role is also known as an antagonistic effect.
6. Specific intervention test (SPECIFIC International) When specific pathogenic factors, specific intervention measures are taken for prevention and treatment.For example: folic acid prevention of pediatric nerve tube deformity, , etc.In addition, instructing patients with diabetes to eat low GI index foods; gout patients restrict the intake of high -purine foods such as high purine foods such as seafood, seafood, meat, and soup, and alcohol, etc. These are specific intervention tests.
7. Nonspecific intervention test (Nonspecific Intervention Trial) It can be found that there are many different and dangerous risk factors that can take targeted non -specific intervention measures to reduce or eliminate the hazards of risk factors.For example, by improving the intake of nutrients (such as salt limit, controlling too much saturated fatty acid intake, etc.), eliminating bad living habits (such as smoking quit), etc., can prevent and control the occurrence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia (disease)Rate can achieve the purpose of effectively preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and eliminating or reducing its damage.
8. Specific disease table The measurement tools can evaluate the clinical intervention effect of specific diseases and guide clinical intervention based on the results of the evaluation.The commonly used specific diseases are mainly the Eortcqlq2-C30 of the Life Quality Measurement Table developed by cancer patients developed by European Cancer Research and Intervention. The special amount table for the quality of life quality of diabetic patients such as diabetic patients (DIABETES Qualityof Life, DQOL), and senile diabetes patients affect the horizontal scale (DIS), etc.
9. Universal measuring table For the quality of life quality of the general population.Commonly used universal measuring tables mainly include Karnofsky function (Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), good adaptation status index (QWBBB), Nottingham Health Health Table , NHP), 36Strip-in-in-laws concise and health table (SF-36), WHO survival quality measurement table (WHOQOL), European Life Quality Table (EQ-5D), etc.These meters are mainly based on the health status of the general population, evaluating the physiological state, psychological state, social functional status, subjective judgment, satisfaction, etc. are comprehensive indicators of health status.
10. Developmental original original and illas, dohad) > A large amount of epidemiology and animal experiments have shown that early adverse factors in development, especially in the palace nutritional imbalance (including malnutrition and excess nutrition), will cause permanent changes in physiology and metabolism of the body, trigger obesity, type 2 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes, The development of adult chronic diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease.This process occurs in the window period of fetal development, that is, the origin of health and disease development.The clinical nutritional significance of the window period is that the fetus and babies are avoided by the nutrition and behavior of pregnant women to avoid exposure to adverse environments to reduce the risk of chronic diseases after adulthood.Therefore, the concept of Dohad has realistic clinical nutritional significance.
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