Although China and North Korea had had close cooperative relationships, in 1969, China -DPRK relations were greatly affected by the international pattern at that time.Sino -Soviet relations are tight, and the world is during the Cold War. While countries are pursuing their own interests, they must also respond to complex and changeable international situations.In this case, North Koreas choice of alliance with the Soviet Union is an unexpected move for China.
North Koreas decision caused concern and disappointment of China at the time.The differences between the two countries are not only manifested in ideology, but also have different differences in strategic and military levels.
Since the Yuan Dynasty, North Korea has been the intimate ally of the Central Plains dynasty. The unbreakable Zong Fan relationship has almost become the law of history.This close diplomatic bond has long been deeply rooted between the history and geography of the two countries.
North Korea has always enjoyed a special status on the Diploma of the Central Plains dynasty.This is not just because the North Korean nationals are both docile and low -key, good at communication, but also because of its unique geographical environment with a solid protective cover for the Central Plains.Since the Yuan Dynasty, Beijing has become the best choice for my country, and the safety issue of the capital has always been an important issue that the Central Plains dynasty cannot avoid.
Beijings geographical location is like a big bird with high wings, Mongolia and Xinjiang are their left wing, and northeast of North Korea is its right wing.Zuo Gongyun: "Insurance of Xinjiang, so protecting Mongolia, so defending Mongolians to defend Kyoto; those who protect North Korea so protect the Northeast, and those who protect the Northeast so they guard Kyoto." This strategic layout aims to ensure the safety of the capital. By protecting the left and right wings,The Central Plains dynasty was able to consolidate its dominant position.
The modern North Korean history has witnessed the gradual disintegration of this solid relationship.After the Sino -Japanese War, Japan replaced the status of the Central Plains dynasty in North Korea and became its prince country.
As Kim Il Sung was forced to be dying by MacArthur, the older brother who originally had high hopes, that is, the Soviet Union, chose to watch coldly, settle in North Korea to destroy himself and destroy himself.the edge of.This made Kim Richeng deeply aware that although the Soviet Union was strong, at critical moments, military could not be fully dependent.Therefore, at the most critical moment, North Korea could only look forward to the aid of China. In the end, it was able to restore the crisis with the aid of China for troops, and Jin Richeng did not become the monarch of the dead country.
After the War of Resistance to the United States and Aid North Korea, China successfully injected its influence into North Korea, which also marked that China has played an important role in the Peninsula region.Because the Chinese economy was still relatively poor at that time, it was impossible to afford the economic recovery of the aftermath of North Korea. North Korea could only rely on the support of the Soviet Union in economics.
In the early 1960s, Sino -Soviet relations experienced a dramatic change. Among them, Khrushchev tried to borrow some cooperative relationships to fight against China, causing the strong rebound of Chairman Mao.At this time, the tension between China and the Soviet Union gradually upgraded, which eventually led to a complete breakdown.
At that time, Khrushchev tried to report the grace of grace through some surface harmony and set foot in Chinas territorial sovereignty.Chairman Mao did not compromise this and resolutely rejected Khrushchevs attempt.This incident has become the fuse of deterioration of Sino -Soviet relations.
In 1960, the cooperative relationship between China and the Soviet Union became increasingly unavailable.During this period, Khrushchev announced the withdrawal from all Soviet experts, forming a formal breakdown of relations between the two countries.This is not only a political partner, but also an influential change on the international political stage.
Khrushchev found Jin Richeng shortly since then, trying to fight against China with North Korea.They signed the "Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation and Cooperation in the Soviet Union", stipulating that the other party must provide unconditional military assistance when any party was attacked.
North Korea has established a close league with the Soviet Union, which also provides a military protection for North Korea to obtain a certain sense of security in geopolitics.
The Korean Peninsula has always been an important strategic place for the Central Plains dynasty.During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union played an important role in international affairs, and North Koreas geographical location made it a key strategic chess piece.In order to ensure the security of the Northeast region, China must be cautious to respond to the situation of the Korean Peninsula.
In the Khrushchev era, the Soviet Union had surrounded the northeast, and if North Korea was also reduced to the Soviet forces, it would make the entire area unstoppable.This has faced huge strategic pressure.As soon as Khrushchev stepped down, Premier Zhou quickly went to the DPRK and made a request to sign the "China -DPRK Friendship Cooperation and Mutual Aid Treaty".
Kim Il Sung knows the status of North Korea in the eyes of China, and he soberly recognizes North Koreas strategic significance to China.If North Korea falls towards the Soviet Union, China may face serious security challenges and even trigger war.While avoiding making mistakes, Kim Il Sung decided to sign the treaty with China.
The content of the "China -DPRK Friendship Cooperation and mutual assistance treaty" is similar to the "Soviet Friendship Cooperation and Mutual Aid Treaty" signed by the Soviet Union and North Korea, but formally established the Chinese and North KoreanProtection relationship.According to this treaty, the two sides cannot conclude the alliance treaty with each others hostile countries.Kim Il Sungs cautious choice, in order to avoid ignition, finally chose to sign this historic treaty with China.
This treaty is still valid, and it is the only military alliance that has concluded since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.From then on, the two countries have been commensurate with the blood alliance and entered the closest honeymoon period in history.
In 1964, the news of Chinas successful test explosion of the first atomic bomb spread to North Korea, causing Jin Richengs rejoices.This joy has not continued too long, because Kim Il Sungs expectations for the "Blood Alliance" of China and North Korea were shattered when facing Chinas rejection.
Kim Il Sung compares China -DPRK relations to blood alliances. It is believed that in this blood relationship, Chinas achievements and technology should be shared with North Korea.When he made this unreasonable demand to Premier Zhou with expectations, he was resolutely rejected.The cold water this time extinguished the enthusiasm of Jin Richeng and gave him a heavy blow.
Since then, China and North Korea will no longer mention the word "blood alliance".North Korea began to develop the so -called subjective thought, that is, emphasizing self -reliance, using North Korea as the main body, no longer relying on other countries.This marks North Koreas fundamental change of international relations.
Although North Korea has later fell into economic predicament, the official has always pursued the principle of self -reliance and self -reliance.
Johnson continues the Vietnam War after coming to power, and has no willingness to improve the relationship with China.In order to get rid of this dilemma, China releases signals to the United States through bright and dark channels.The Johnson government has a hostile attitude towards China and is difficult to find a common language.
Until 1969, Johnson stepped down, Nixon came to power, and the dawn of reconciliation between China and the United States emerged.The Vietnamese war has been fighting for four years, and the U.S. military has been in trouble. After Nixon came to power, it urgently needed to achieve the goal of decent retreat.China has become the only country that may help him achieve this goal.
When Nixon came to power, it was at a critical moment when the Solar national strength reached its peak and the United States was in trouble.The Soviet Union achieved strategic advantages in the Cold War, while the United States was facing the problem of the problem due to the problems of the Bretton forest system and the rise of the European Community.Under such a situation, the United States hopes to push China to recover the disadvantages of international affairs.
After Nixon came to power, he extended olive branches to China with a friendly attitude, indicating that in the long run, he could not leave China outside the worlds big families.This signal has attracted great attention from China. In response, China has adopted the way of Treasure Island conflict. It shows that Nixon: I have a bad relationship with the Soviet Union. Are you still afraid that I and the Soviet Union will reconcile?
In January 1969, Nixon came to power; in March 1969, the two countries and the Soviet Union broke out of military friction on the treasure island of Heilongjiang.This friction is almost blatantly expressed, and a clear information is conveyed to the outside world: there is a tacit cooperative relationship between China and the United States, and this relationship may put pressure on the Soviet Union.
This kind of eyebrows between China and the United States have a huge impact on the Soviet Union, causing a strong response from Brezhnev.The Soviet Union claimed to use nuclear weapons to crack down on China, not only to talk about it, they did have such plans.
The reason why the Soviet Union was so nervous was rooted in geopolitical concerns about China.The Soviet Union has always worried about China, especially for the Siberian region of Russia.This vast area is sparsely populated, relying only on a thin Siberian railway to maintain control over the region.
In the south of the vast land of Siberia, it is a country with a population of 600 million and has the ability to cut off the Siberian railway at any time.This means that if China intends to seize this land at any time, it will become the main population of Siberia.Russia may be able to conduct a Patriotic War in Europe, but in Siberia, the same war can be performed. Once the region is lost, restoring control will become extremely difficult.
Therefore, after China and the Soviet Union were evil, the Soviet Union chose to directly reduce the soldiers of China.And this is not that the Soviet Union tried to destroy China, on the contrary, because of their fear of China.The Soviet Union knows the strategic value of Siberia. Therefore, in the perspective of Brezhnev, the Battle of Treasure Island is a way China shows that they can threaten the Soviet Siberia.
During this period, Brezhnev not only issued an instruction in China in China, but also tried to draw Kim Il Sung in North KoreaClamp together together.Northeast China is a rich industrial zone, and North Korea is inevitably attracted by this rich land.
In the face of the Soviet Unions pressure, Kim Richeng said that China is his relative, but it also needs to be supported accordingly.Brezhnev said generously that the previous military loans could be repaid, and all expenditures in the war were borne by the Soviet Union.Under such circumstances, Kim Il Sung can only accept it, and China ’s kindness is difficult to repay.
Shortly after the Treasure Island incident, the North Korean news department quickly adopted the upside -down black and white method.Try to dilute Chinas role in the Korean War.They even kicked the volunteers from the Korean historical textbooks and stigmatized China.
North Korea further drives the army directly to the Yalu River on the border between China and North Korea, showing a pillow -treated posture.This urgent action shocked China. Kim Il Sungs move had almost no room for rotation. It seemed that his counterattack in China was full of confidence.
Facing North Koreas threat, China has adopted a two -hand strategy.On the one hand, the army was ordered to wait strictly, and it would never start the war.On the other hand, start public opinion machines and output information to North Korea.Many people in North Korea have experienced the Korean War in person. Kim Il Sung chose to forget, but they couldnt forget.Through the reverse output public opinion offensive, China successfully resolved the offensive that Kim Il Sung worked hard, and the people began to sympathize with China.
At the same time, the game of Chinese and American and Soviet is also quietly reversed.Before Brezhnev launched an atomic bomb to China, he unexpectedly notified the United States in advance, hoping to avoid unnecessary misunderstandings.The United States revealed the news to China.After careful consideration, Chairman Mao decisively adopted the strategy of changing home, threatening that if he encountered nuclear blows, he asked the people to go to Siberia for guerrilla warfare.
Chinas nuclear weapons are not threatening to be friendly North Korea, but to point it to the US military base located in East Asia.This move made Americans feel that sitting at home from the sky, so the United States had to pay a threatening to China for the Chinese platform, claiming that cracking down on China is equivalent to directly cracking down on the United States.
This tough position makes the Soviet leader Brezhnev hesitate.In the face of the confrontation between China and the United States, he eventually chose to durate the flags and avoid a possible crisis.This decision has brought new dilemma for North Korean leader Kim Il Sung.
Kim Il Sung really offended China, and may face the risk of accounting for accounting after autumn.He understands that once China decides to be held accountable, it may pay a huge price.At this critical moment, China is focusing on the overall situation and does not have knowledge with North Korea.This is also due to the consideration of the stability and overall relationship of the region to avoid further upgrading the tension.
In this tension atmosphere, Premier Zhou cleverly took the initiative to go to North Korea by the opportunity of the Qingming Festival from the Qingming Festival on April 5th to North Korea, Resolved Kim Il Sungs fear.This diplomatic initiative made the two sides return to friendship again, but whether it was left in my heart, only time and heaven knew.
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