Speak the answer first, the relationship between the two is not too big, that is, Einsteins proposal to propose a narrow sense is not because of the Michaelson Mole experiments, but other reasons.
We often hear the " Two Black Clouds " in the physics community in the late 19th century, of which "one flower" is Michaelson-Mori experiment Many people even think that the experiment directly spawned the theory of relativity. In fact, this is not the case. This statement is too exaggerated.
But from time to time, Michaelson Mole experiment occurred in 1887, and Einstein proposed in 1905 that it was proposed in 1905The theory of relativity is more than ten years late, but this does not show anything.
First of all, lets take a look at the background of the Michaelson-More experiment. The experimental background is closely linked with the concept of Ether.evidence.
The question comes, what is " Ether "?
The concept of Ether Ether has been proposed early. The earliest was proposed by Aristotle, but the concept of Ether was completely different from the concept of modern physics Ether.It is only a philosophical concept, and it does not involve the concept of physics at all.Whats more, there was no physics at all in the Aristotle era.
Aristotle believes that all things in the world are composed of four major elements and Ether, and the fourth element is water, fire, gas and soil, respectively This is no different from the essence of the five elements in ancient my country.The four major elements are visible and can be perceived, but the ether cannot be perceived by humans.
And the first concept of Cartcarta to introduce the elements into physics. The reason for the introduction is why it does not understand why it is over -distance.In modern times, the concept of Etherium is increasingly mentioned, and at the same time, it has been supported by scientists such as Huachangs and Hu Ke. In the eyes of the two, light is a wave of waves , and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people, and people are in people.In the inherent impression, the spread of waves requires a medium.
So they have such questions: The medium of light is it?They think the answer is Ether.
We all know that Newton has always thought that light is a particle. Despite this, Newton himself also supports the concept of Ether Ether.The concept is too important for Newton.Why?
Because the foundation of the Newtonian mechanical system is absolute time and space view , thinking that there is an absolute static reference system in the universe, and the ether is in line with such characteristics.
After Tamas Yang proved a wave of light through double seam experiments, at the same timeElectromagnetic waves, Maxwell also believes that electromagnetic waves need to be media during the process of spreading. This medium is Ether.
In other words, the physicians such as Newton and Maxwell believe that the communication of light requires the media, and this medium is Ether.
But there is a very prominent question here: the physics community at the time was talking about Ether, but what exactly was Ether?
In general, Ether is a concept of assumption, but there is no hypothesis. Science is quite rigorous and must have experimental support. OtherwiseTo deal with it, it must not work.Assuming it, but assuming it must find relevant evidence in the future.
Especially in the formula formula derived from the Maxwell Formula Group, the speed of light has nothing to do with the reference system This was unacceptable in any way in the physics community at that time, because if the speed of light really does not need to be referred to, it means that Newtons classic mechanics collapses.
At that time, the physics community proposed that Ether was the reference department of light, but it was still a problem.Essence
In fact, at the earlier, Faraday once tried to use the concept of the field to replace Ether , because he hated the weird strange existence of Ether.But at that time, the concept of the field was too advanced and it was difficult to be accepted by the public.Faradays disciple Maxwell also acknowledged the existence of Ether, so Faradays idea of "Ether is the field" did not cause great response at the time.
In any case, physicists must find evidence existing in Ether, and Michaelson Moray experiments appeared in this background.
Theoretically, the evidence of finding Ether is simple.Because the elevated is absolutely still, then the elements are quite sun. Of course, it is still still.The earth runs around the sun at a speed of 30 kilometers per second. When the local earth is moving towards the sun, it will feel "Ether Wind".
Because the speed of light transmission in the elements is the speed C, and the speed of the earth is the element of the ether is V (that is, 30 kilometers per second), then the side of the earth faces and back the side of the earth.When moving towards the sun, the speed of light measured in the two directions must be different, which are C-V and C+V.
To put it bluntly, the direction of the earth is different, and the speed of the light measured is different.Of course, the specific experimental process of the Michaelson-Mori experiments is not like this, which is a bit complicated, but the principle is the same. They use the use of the earth movement to cause the speed of light.
But the experimental results were unexpected by everyone.The same .Faced with such experimental results, even Michaelson and Mo Lei did not believe it. They would rather suspect that the experimental process had leaks or the experimental instruments were not accurate enough, and they did not believe it was such an experimental result.
In fact, now I imagine that the physician at that time did not believe that the experimental results were too normal, because if it was said, if the speed of light really doesCollapse, how can they easily accept Newtonian mechanics in the physics community for hundreds of years?
So, Michaelson and Mo Lei checked carefully about the experimental process to see if there were any flaws, and at the same time improve the accuracy of the experimental instrument as much as possible, and then repeat it to do it.Many experiments, but the result is still the case.In fact, there are many physicists who have done similar experiments, but the results are the same.
This result makes Michaelson and Moray unwilling. They instinctively exclude such "absurd" experiments. Such a result is tantamount to the complete collapse of their worldview.However, they still have to be responsible for the results of the experiment, so they reluctantly announced the experimental results.
Seeing the announcement results of the announcement, the physicians at that time were very panicked.However, the physics guys did not think about it at all. They only have one idea: how to correct the concept of Ether in the basis of experiments, rather than completely denying Ether.
It can be seen how high the Newtonian mechanics system at that time was in the physics community at that time, and it was not an exaggeration to be named "God".
and Lorentz transformation was born in this background, which is the result of correction ether, rightIt was proposed to interpret the experiment of Michael More.Lorentzs transformation does not think that the speed of light is unchanged, and still insists on Ether.Lorenz believes that Ethereum will shrink in the direction of movement, which will cause the measurement results to vary.
That is to say, Lorenz transformation is still based on absolute time and space.The time of Lorentzs transformation is earlier than the relativity of the narrow sense, and it itself is proposed to interpret Ether.
And Einsteins later theory of relativity, which later proposed, completely denied the existence of Ether, proposed the speed of light, and the speed of light is absolute.On the basis of the principle of relativity, Einsti proposed a great theory of relatively narrow sense.
In Einsteins eyes, Etherita does not exist, and time and space are not absolute .
It can be seen that Einsteins narrow theory and Michaelson Mori experiments have no direct relationship.The basic view of the foundation of Newtonian mechanics system, and the purpose of the latter is to find evidence that exist in Ether. Although the experimental results show that the ether does not exist, the majority of the physicians at the time did not believe in the experimental results, but instead, but insteadThrough various ways to "repair and supplement" the concept of Ether, let it satisfy the results of the Michael More experiments. This is the case.
The results derived from Einsteins narrow sense theory are consistent with the Lorentz transformation.formula.
Now, the " Ether Ether in the direction of movement will shrink proposed by the Lorenz transformation, which is essentially" space in sports in the sphere in nature and narrow sense theory of relativity."The direction will shrink" there is no difference. We just regard Ether as the "space", and the two are exactly the same.
The space is not as good as the same as, is it invisible?
In fact, There are still some people in the scientific community that Lorentz is the first to propose the theory of narrow sense , which actually makes sense.It was just that Lorentz did not clearly propose it, and the last layer of "window paper" was not broken. In fact, he was almost close to the narrow theory.
Einstein and Lorentz are also very good friends. After the death of Lorenz, Einstein sent out such emotions in front of his tomb to mourn her friends, claiming that LuoLenzs thoughts had an extremely important impact on him.But what exactly is it, we dont know what Einstein wants to express, maybe only Einstein knows it.
Summary
But this is not the Michael More experiment that does not have any impact on Einstein, it is impossible.
As one of the most important experiments at the time of the physics community, Einstein could not know that Michaelson Morey experiments.At the same time, the important formula of Lorenz transformation is directly cited in the narrow theory system. Of course, it must know the meaning behind this formula, and the Lorentz transformation is actually set to interpret the experiment of Michael More.
Perhaps, the Michaelson Moray experiment was only inspired by Einstein, just as the speed of light constant in the Maxwell Formula Group was inspired by inspiration, on the basis of inspirationEinstein adhering to the principle of " Do not increase the entity ", "click" the concept of "Ether" to "click"!
End!
