News on November 11 (Monday), the main content of well -known foreign scientific websites as follows:
"Nature" website (www.nature "website (www.nature".com)
Carbon dioxide emitted by private jets is soaring
The global analysis of the use of private aircraft shows that in the past four years, the number of aircraft, the number of travel and the flight distance have been increasing, which has exacerbated carbon dioxide emissions in the industry.The research was recently published in the magazine of Communications Earth and Environment.
The research team collected private aircraft logs from 2019 to 2023, which provides real -time location information of all flights.Flight data is combined with the fuel use of specific aircraft to make researchers determine the emissions.
Their analysis showed that the number of private planes has increased by 28.4%in the past four years to nearly 26,000 by 2023.Although the total carbon dioxide emissions increased from 10.7 million tons to 15.6 million tons, the average emissions per kilometer decreased, which may be due to a more efficient jet system.Nearly 50%of the flight distance is less than 500 kilometers; researchers said that such a distance can be completed through train or car.
Although private flights have a small scale compared to other sources, the study believes that their growth rate is worrying.Researchers emphasized that 15.6 million tons are insignificant compared to global emissions, but from another perspective: If individuals can emit thousands of tons without bearing the consequences, why should others reduce emissions?
"Science" website (www.science.org)
Scientists find that there is a "existence of mitochondria" in scientists.Labor division of labor "
Researchers reported in the" Nature "magazine this week that they found that the mitochondria in a single cell have" labor division of labor ", which can be specifically specifically.Each work: Some of them focus on the generation of energy, and others are dedicated to molecular manufacturing.This division of labor can help cells heal the wound more effectively, but cancer cells may also use it to promote its own rapid growth.
Mitochondrial will produce ATP (adenosine trisop phosphate), which is a molecule rich in energy that provides fuel for most cell activities.In addition, mitochondria will synthesize some amino acids in protein and other necessary molecules.Mitochondria are not the only source of amino acids -for example, we get some amino acids from our diet, but mitochondria are important contributors.However, cells only have limited amounts of molecular raw materials, and mitochondria need to complete these two tasks.In order to synthesize amino acids, the cellular device must transfer the molecules originally used to make ATP, which may reduce the energy generated by cells.
When the cells have sufficient food, they can complete these two tasks without hesitation.But researchers want to figure out what happens when cells are facing nutrition.Researchers cultivate mouse cells in the cultivation solution, forcing cells to obtain energy from mitochondria instead of obtaining energy from other reactions generated by other ATPs.As a result, researchers found that although cells increased mitochondrial energy, cellifiers still tried to synthesize amino acids.
After in -depth research, scientists have locked a key mitochondry enzyme called P5CS. This enzyme will gather into a step to help cellulator catalyze amino acid synthesis.Researchers have found that P5CS molecules are gathered only among some mitochondria among some mouse cells.When scientists genetically modify cells and create an enzyme that cannot be gathered, mitochondria cannot produce amino acids.Researchers have found that protein clusters are also lurking in some mitochondria of human pancreatic cancer cells -tumors often grow beyond their blood supply, so they lack nutrition.
Mitochondarians said that this is a very good study that has opened up many new directions for future research.
"Daily Science" websiteMaterials make the next generation of electronic products faster, more efficient and more transparent
Researchers at the University of Minnesota invented a new material, which will promote the next generationHigh -power electronics play a key role faster, more transparent, and more efficient.This artificially designed material can move electron movement faster, and at the same time, it remains transparent to visible light and ultraviolet light, breaking through the previous record.
This research was published on the scientific journal "Science Advances", which was evaluated by the peer, which was a major breakthrough in the semiconductor design field.With the development of digital technology, semiconductor design is essential for a global industry that is expected to continue to grow and value trillions of dollars.
From smartphones to medical equipment, almost all electronic products are powered by semiconductor.The key to promoting these technologies is to improve the "ultra -broadband gap" material called by scientists.These materials can be effectively conducted even under extreme conditions.Ultra -wide -band gap semiconductors can achieve high performance at high temperatures, making it a necessary condition for more durable and solid electronic products.
In this paper, researchers focus on creating a new type of material with a larger "band gap", thereby increasing transparency and conductive.This new material is a transparent conductive oxide, with a specific thin layer structure, which can improve transparency without sacrificing conductivity.With the increasing demand for high -performance materials for technology and artificial intelligence applications, this breakthrough development provides a promising solution.
Researchers said that this work not only shows the combination of unprecedented transparency and conductivity in the deep ultraviolet spectrum, but also paved the way for the innovationCan run in extreme environments.
2. Researchers are promoting solid -state innovation of renewable energy storage
American Oak Ling National Laboratory(ORNL) scientists find solutions for how a new type of battery failure and finding renewable energy storage.The teams goal is to achieve the long -term storage of wind energy and solar energy generated by intermittently, so that it can be widely used as a reliable energy source for the power grid.
When the ion moves between the electrodes, the battery usually stores and releases energy through liquid electrolytes.However, the researchers of ORNL designed a solid electrolyte battery. This solid electrolyte is more durable, has stronger energy storage capacity, and has higher conductivity.
Solid electrolytes are considered to be the next cutting -edge field of battery development, but scientists must solve their challenges such as failure under high demand conditions.Ornls research team allows the battery to run under a large current or voltage of a strong X -ray beam.In the "Advanced Photon Source (APS)" large synchronization accelerator in the "Advanced Photon Source (APS)". Researchers observed the ions deposited in the pores of the electrolyte, and finally formed a short -circuit structure.
Researchers said that this information can be used to improve this broad -end solid electrolyte material, thereby supporting long -term storage of renewable energy.
The Sett Technology Daily website (https://scitechDaily.com)
1. Scientists find that the toxicity of the ocean is becoming increasingly larger
A new research survey led by Geomar, GermanyThe interaction between trace elements and climate change.The results of the research were published in the journal of "Communications Earth & Environment", a subsidiary of "Nature" magazine.
Studies stated that in the future, due to the continuous development of human beings, the content of heavy metals in the ocean may increase further.Climate changes, such as rising temperatures of seawater, ocean acidification, and depletion of oxygen, affect the content of trace elements in the ocean in various ways.
The higher water temperature increases the utilization rate and absorption of trace elements such as mercury in marine life.This is because higher temperatures will promote metabolism, reduce the solubility of oxygen, increase the ventilation of gills, which will cause more metals to enter the organism and accumulate in the body.
Since the ocean absorbs most of the carbon dioxide (CO2) released by humans, it becomes more acidic -PH value decreases.This increases the solubility and biological utilization of metals such as copper, zinc or iron.The impact of copper is particularly obvious. High -concentration copper is toxic for many marine life.
In addition, the oxygen content in the ocean is increasingly decreased, especially in coastal areas and underground, which strengthens the toxic effect of trace elements.This puts pressure on creatures that live directly on the bottom of the sea or on the bottom of the sea.
At the same time, the study shows that the data on how to affect marine pollutants still insufficient.Researchers have called for the research on new pollutants and pollutants that have not been fully studied.In addition, a better model should be formulated and legislation should be adjusted to improve the control of marine pollutants.
2. New technologies allow data to store data in plastic and directly access
It is growing, and many types of data need to be stored for a long time.Synthetic polymer is an effective alternative to traditional storage media, because they can use less space and energy storage information.However, the traditional retrieval method, such as mass spectrometry, limits the length of a single polymer chain, and then limits its storage capacity.Now, researchers have developed a new method to overcome this restriction, which can directly access specific data bit without need to read the entire chain.
The data is continuously accumulated, which is generated by business affairs, process monitoring, quality assurance and product tracking.It takes a lot of space and energy to archive such a huge data for decades.For long -term storage of such large and rarely access data sets, large molecules that define sequences, such as DNA and synthetic polymers, provide a convincing solution.
The synthetic polymer has many advantages than DNA. Their disadvantages are that the information encoding in the polymer needs to be decoded by mass spectrometer (MS) or skewers.For these methods, the size of the molecule must be limited, which seriously limits the storage capacity of each polymer chain.In addition, the complete chain must be decoded in order to build blocks one by one -the data bit of interest cannot be accessed directly.
A research team at the National University of Seoul, South Korea has developed a new method that can effectively decoding the molecular amount more than the ultra -long synthetic polymer chain of MS and MS2 analysis limit.
As a demonstration, the team encodes their university address as ASCII and translates it with an error detection code (CRC, a established method for ensuring data integrity) together).It is a binary code, that is, the sequence of 1 and 0.
This 512 -bit sequence is stored in a polymer chain composed of two different monomers: lactic acid represents 1 and phenylite represents 0.Each time, they also include fragmented codes containing tonsil acid.When chemical activation, these chains are broken in the corresponding position.In the demonstration, they got 18 different sizes, which can be decoded separately through MS2 sequencing.(Liu Chun)
