In the narrow theory of Einstein, there is a famous formula: Quality Energy Formula , very concise, energy is equal to the square of quality at the speed of light.
This formula looks very simple, so that the two two physical attributes that seem to be irrelevant are tightly linked, in factThe formula itself is not as simple as it looks like, but also has a deeper mystery.
Because the speed of light is very high, 300,000 kilometers per second, the square of light speed is naturally a larger number, which means that a small piece of quality can be converted into huge energy.For example, whether it is nuclear fission or nuclear fusion process, huge energy will be released through "loss quality".
For example, during the process of nuclear fissure, the loss of 1 gram of loss is equivalent to the energy released by 2,000 tons of coal combustion!
Here are some discussion. Many people think that the invention of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs is because of Einsteins mass energy equation. In fact, this is a misunderstanding. The two actually have nothing to do.People only know the qualitative energy equation, and the material contains huge energy, but does not know how to use this energy.In fact, even without Einsteins quality equation, scientists can create atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs.
The phenomenon of quality conversion to energy is actually very common around us. nuclear bomb (atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb) is the best example.In addition, the chemical reactions during the combustion process of objects are strictly the process of quality conversion to energy. This seems to have a contradiction with the laws of conservation we learned when we go to school.
After all, in the chemistry class, the teacher told us that the quality before and after chemical reactions is conservative, but strictly speaking, there is a quality loss in the chemical reaction process. , because any chemical reaction will be accompanied by energy changes, but this change is too small. We usually think that quality is conservative.
So, since the quality and energy are equivalent, is there a phenomenon of energy converting into quality in reality?Indeed, what are the specifics?
First of all, we need to simply understand the definition of quality.Dont think that the quality is very simple. In fact, the essence of quality is quite complicated. I have made a detailed description in the previous popular sciences.
Generally speaking, quality can be divided into static quality and motion quality , as the name suggests, the quality of static refers to an object.The quality in a static state, but there is no absolute static thing in the world, so it defines quiet quality in physics: in a inertial system, if an object is static than the inertia system, then the inertia system then in this inertial systemThe quality measured is quiet quality.Corresponding to the quality of quietness is the quality of movement. A object is relatively inertia and has a moving quality.
Understand the above, lets take a look at the energy converting into a quality example.
First, Einsteins narrow theory shows that the faster the movement of a object, the greater the quality . The quality here refers to the objects object’sMotion quality.Where does the quality of so many come from?
is transformed by energy .High -speed moving objects will have greater kinetic energy, and these energy will be converted into the quality of the object.Its just that when the speed of the object is close to the speed of light, the moving quality of the object is relatively obvious. The speed we usually experience will basically not affect the quality of the object.However, as long as the speed is fast enough, it is close to the speed of light, even if it is a needle, it can have sufficient energy and quality.
Scientists have done such experiments, accelerate the two basic particles through particle collisions to the speed of light, and then let them collide with collisionsAfter the impact, a new particle with a total quality greater than the total quality of the two particles was generated.
The extra quality is actually transformed by energy, indicating that the energy transformed into material needs to be massive energy, and it consumes it in a short time.produced.
Second, in the micro particles, there are actually many examples of energy converting into quality. For example, the atomic nucleus is composed of protons and neutronA quark composition. Theoretically, the quality of a proton or neutron should be exactly equal to the quality of three quarks.
But it is not actually the case.Just 1%, the quality of the remaining 99%is actually transformed by energy. What kind of energy?It is a strong interaction between three quarks. The three quarks are tightly bound together through strong interaction, which causes a strong restraint energy, that is, the energy of the strong field.Essence
Third, if you are not satisfied with the above two energy into quality, there are the most direct examples.We all know that light is electromagnetic waves, and electromagnetic waves are also pure energy, and electromagnetic wave energy of different frequencies will also be different.Scientists have done such an experiment. In the laboratory, use strong laser, can create positive and anti -electron pairs , whether electronics or anti -electronics (positive electronics) are material.Conversely, the two substances of electronics and positive electrons will also be annihilated and transformed into pure energy.
In fact, the phenomenon of mutual conversion of all energy and quality is once again indicated that energy and quality are equivalent, but they are just different in the form of expression.But in fact, this view is only a popular understanding, which is more convenient for ordinary people to understand the people. Strictly speaking, it is not rigorous.
Strictly speaking, energy and quality are actually " Unexpected price ", because Energy is the most fundamental thing And quality is just another way of expression of energy.To put it plainly, any quality is actually energy in essence. When the universe was born, it was a pure energy state, and there was no attribute of quality.
Of course, this is long, involving the essence of quality, and even the origin of the universe and the formation of basic particles.If you are interested, you can turn over my previous popular science text, which is interpreted in detail about quality and essence. It will not be detailed here.
You can use one sentence to understand the relationship between energy and quality in popular: The aggregation of energy is quality, and the discrete of quality is energy!
Anyway, energy is the most fundamental. Our world can have no quality, but there is no energy.Even if it looks empty, there is the most basic energy, vacuum zero point .Of course, theoretically, there is also a lower energy that can be lower than the vacuum zero point, that is, negative energy . Scientists do have created a little negative energy in the experiment. This energy is also considered to be manufacturing manufacturingExtreme things in the insect cave!
End!
