News on November 13 (Wednesday), the main content of well -known foreign scientific websites is as follows:
"Nature" website (www.nature.COM)
Ice core data shows that global warming is close to the key 1.5 ° C threshold
Global warming caused by human activities may be closer to a key climate threshold than the current estimate.A study of Antarctic Ice Core in Lancaster University in the United Kingdom showed that the global average temperature in 2023 was 1.49 ° C higher than before the industrial revolution (1850 ~ 1900).
In 2015, almost all countries around the world passed the Paris Climate Agreement, which is a treaty with legal binding.The treaty sets dual targets: this century, the global average temperature has increased by no more than 2 ° C compared to the industrial revolution, and "hard work" does not exceed 1.5 ° C.
However, as early as 1850, the level and temperature of the carbon dioxide rose, so the standard baseline from 1850-1900 failed to fully reflect all the situation.Researchers pointed out that this indicates that the current method of changing global temperature -depend on climate models and statistical means -may underestimate the rise in temperature caused by human activities.
In order to solve this problem, the researchers turned to use Antarctic Ice core data. These data recorded the changes in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over 2000 in the past 2000.Through these data, researchers established the industrialized front base line from 13th to 1700 AD. During this period, the carbon dioxide level was about 280 ppm (PPM is one -millionth), and it was relatively stable.Researchers combined these data with global temperature data from 1850 to 2023 to calculate the temperature changes in each year of the 21st century.
Analysis results show that by 2023, the carbon dioxide level increases by 142ppm compared with the 1700 base line, which means that the warming caused by humans has reached 1.49 ° C.When the researchers switched the baseline to the standard of 1850-1900, the calculation results showed that the temperature rose 1.31 ° C.This shows that the baseline from 1850-1900 failed to completely capture the pre -industrialization warfare that had occurred before 1850.Other methods to estimate global temperature changes show that global warming has even exceeded 1.50 ° C.
"Scientific Communication" websiteThe next -generation particle collision machine is closer to reality
μon is a sub -atomic particle, which is similar to the electrons., With a view to solving the mystery of physics.But first of all, scientists must figure out how to increase the speed of μon.
In contrast to intuition, let the μon decelerate first.The initial initials in the particle bundle move in all directions.In order to allow the bouquet to adapt to the experimental requirements, the particles must be decelerated first, and then accelerate to ensure that the direction of all μon is consistent.This deceleration or cooling was successful for the first time in the 2020 experiments.
Today, in the experiment of the Japanese proton accelerator research center (J-PARC), scientists not only successfully cooled μon, but also accelerated them.Researchers reported on the pre -printed platform Arxiv.org that the speed of μon has reached 4%of the speed of light, that is, about 12,000 kilometers per second.
μon collision machine can produce a high -energy collision than a proton collision, and the proton itself consists of smaller quark particles.The energy of each proton is allocated between Quick, so only a part of the energy is used for collision.μon does not have smaller particles, so its energy is almost completely used for collision.μon is more popular than electrons, because electrons will lose energy when rotating in accelerators.Because the quality of μon is large, it is not affected by this problem.
In addition to the collision machine, μon beams are also useful in experiments such as particle magnetism. This is a subject that physicists have always paid attention to.
"Daily Science" websiteMicro -cell "drone" transportation treatment of lung cancer drugs
Research team of Singapore National University (NUS Medicine) successfully demonstrated the nano -level nano -level released using cells (such as red blood cells)As a drug transportation platform, particles carry (ASO) molecules for lung cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the development of cancer.
mutant (EGFR) is the most common cause of lung cancer among Asian people.Therefore, researchers focus on lung cancer caused by EGFR mutations.At present, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are standard therapeutic drugs that prevent cancer progress by inhibiting mutations.However, because cancer cells may further mutate and have resistance to these drugs, researchers are looking for more effective methods to target cancer.
In the study published in the "Ebiomedicine" published in the "Liuye Dao" sub -magazine, researchers said that ASO can not only overcome the problem of resistance, but also can alsoPromote the development of precision medicine.Different from the broad -spectrum treatment, precision medical care is tailored to the treatment plan according to the condition of individual patients.
In order to achieve this goal, the researchers use the extracellular vesicles (EV) from human red blood cells as a natural carrier to transport anti -cancer ASO to the tumor site.The researchers also designed the EGFR receptor -targeted part to the EV surface so that they can accurately lock the cancer cells.EV of load ASO shows a powerful anti -cancer effect in a variety of lung cancer models (including cells from patient sources).ASOs special design enables its EGFR that can inhibit mutations without affecting normal EGFR.In addition, RBCEV (RBCEV) loaded ASO has an effective anti -cancer effect on TKIs cancer cells.
2. Scientists successfully produced microbial plastic that can replace PET
At present, global plastic waste problems are increasingly increasingserious.The research team of the Korean Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) successfully developed a biodegradable microbial plastic through system metabolic engineering technology, which can replace existing PET (polyethylene dilate glycol).
Fake aromatic di carboxylic acids have superior physical properties and better biodegradability than PET when synthetic polymers, so they have become a highly concerned environmental protection singleEssenceHowever, traditional chemical methods have issued problems such as low yield, poor selectivity, complex reaction conditions, and waste emissions in the production of fake aromatic diodes.
In order to solve this problem, KAISTs research team develops a microbial strain in the development of Bacillus in amino acid production through metabolic engineering technology.Five types of fake galcin di carbug acids.
The research team uses metabolic engineering technology to build a platform microbial strain, which enhances the metabolic flow of the original child tea acid (PCA) and prevent its loss.As a prelude of a variety of fake aromatic di carbonic acid.Based on this, the research team expects to be widely used in the industrial technology of polyester production and promote the research of fake aromatic polyester production.
The research results are recently published in the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
The Sett Technology Daily website1. Climate change will destroy two -thirds of the temperate rain forests
The latest research warning of the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom said that by 2100, there are two -thirds of the world.The temperate rainforest may disappear due to climate change.
This research has been evaluated globally on how the temperature rises threatened these unique ecosystems for the first time.Scientists analyzed the degree of the temperature of the rain forests that have been affected by human activities through the map of tree coverage, forest health and climate data, and evaluated how climate change promotes the closer of many regions to approach the critical point.
The research results were published in the magazine of Earth ’s Future.Studies have pointed out that in the worst case, 68%of the worlds temperate rainforests -even 90%of some regions -may disappear within decades.Even according to the current emission reduction commitment, 23%of the temperature rain forests will still disappear.However, if the fossil fuel emissions can be greatly reduced, losses can be limited within 9%, which highlights the necessity of emergency response to climate change.
Although the warm and rain forests only cover less than 1%of the land surface, they have received high attention due to its importance in the global ecology and excellent carbon storage capabilities.The complete temperate rainforest has higher carbon density than other latitudes of forests.
2. Seeds and microbial fertilizers wrapped in silk: how to develop future agriculture in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
the United StatesResearchers at MIT are developing innovative agricultural technology, such as microbial fertilizers and protective seed protective films, aiming to cope with challenges brought by climate change and strengthen food safety.
As global temperature rises, agricultural production faces new challenges.Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of drought, and land in some areas may no longer be suitable for farming.In addition, without expanding the production of chemical fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals, the growing population of supporting will become more and more difficult, because the carbon footprints of chemical fertilizers and agricultural chemicals are huge, and they are increasing global warming.
Scientists at MIT are solving these problems from multiple angles.These technologies and other innovations in design will be essential to ensure global food supply.
Protective seeds are exempt from drought effects.Researchers hope to increase crop yield by helping seeds to survive and germinate in drought conditions or barren soil.To this end, they designed a seed protective film based on silk and other polymers, which can be wrapped and nourishing the seeds in the critical germination stage.
Microbial fertilizer.Some farms have tried to apply nitrogen fixing bacteria directly to the roots of the crops and achieve preliminary success.However, these microorganisms are very fragile and difficult to store or transport for a long time, so they must be produced in the biological reactor of the farm.The chemical engineer of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has designed a metal organic coating that can protect bacterial cells from being damaged, and at the same time does not prevent them from growing and functional.These wrapped bacteria can help farmers make microorganisms more conveniently as fertilizers.
Reduce pesticide use.Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are studying a tool to help farmers measure the amount of residues of pesticides in plants; at the same time, they have developed a technology that allows pesticides to attach more effectively on the surface of the plant, thereby reducing pesticides into the soil and entering the soil and entering the soil and entering the soil and entering the soil and entering the soil andThe amount in the water.(Liu Chun)
