In the vast universe, the earth is "sweet"Sweaters".These two "donuts" are Van Alans radiation zone.
Fighting Schematic diagram of Van Alan Radiation Belt
(Figure source: "Knowledge is Power" magazine)One of the "donuts" is located at 64 million to 12,000 kilometers from the ground table, mainly including high -energy protons; the other is 13,500 to 58,000 kilometers outside the surface.At the same time, it is mainly composed of high energy electronics.
How is Fan Alan radiation zone produced?Why does it have two floors inside and outside?Why do you grow into a "donut"?
Unable to escape
High-energy charged particles
Van Allen Radiation Belt is composed of high -energy band -strip particles intercepted by the earth magnetic field. These particles form two rings.
Sectional diagram of Van Alan radiation zone
(Figure source: "Knowledge is Power" magazine)
Here we need to introduce a physical law -the Lorentz movement of charge in the magnetic field: the particle with a charge of the charging motion along the magnetic field vertical plane will be subject to the vertical magnetic field plane and the plane andLorentz in the direction of the movement and then do a rotation movement.
The Lorentz Movement diagram of the charge in the magnetic field
(Figure source: knowledge"Power" magazine)
If we cut the passage of the Earths Polar Magnetic field along arbitrarily, we can get a imaginary magnetic field plane.Outside the earth, when high -energy charged particles fly into this magnetic field plane from any direction, the speed of vertical magnetic field will promote it to do a circular motion in the plane. Another speed component of the parallel magnetic field is not affected by the magnetic field.flat.
In the end, under the comprehensive effect of these two movement trends, the particles will do a rotation movement along the magnetic field line, and then it will be permanently "frozen" on the magnetic field line.Fan Allen Radiation Belt.
Why are there two layers in the internal and external
In the process of "burning", the sun will release a large amount of electrons.When these electrons enter the range of the earths magnetic field, they will be captured and "freezing" on the magnetic line to form an outer radiation zone.
In addition to the solar wind, there are countless cosmic rays in the deep space, and their composition is usually some high -speed charged particles.Because they are fast enough and high enough, Earths magnetic field cannot pull them like catching electrons.
After the extra-high energy charged particles outside enter the earths magnetic field, fly around the magnetic line spiral, and then be "imprisoned" in the magnetic field (source: source:"Knowledge is Power" magazine)
So, these particles broke through the peripheral magnetic field and rushed into the earth atmosphere at a high speed.Proton and a small number of electronics.This part of the electronics and protons will be successfully captured by the earths near -ground magnetic field, which forms an inner radiation zone near the earth.
The manufacturer of Aurora
It is also the disaster of aerospace activities
When the high -energy band charged particles in the Fan Allen radiation zone collide with the gas atoms in the earth atmosphere, the atom will be provided to release energy and form formedGorgeous and colorful aurora.But Fan Allens radiation is a disaster in terms of human space activities.
The metal protective layer wrapped in the surface of Change 5 can block high-energy electric particles (source: "Knowledge is Power" magazine)
The high -energy band -strip particles on the radiation zone will break through some conductors and semiconductor materials of electronic equipment, and will directly accelerate the aging of components.In order to avoid high -energy charged particles penetrating the equipment, but not to increase the weight of aerospace equipment, scientists usually wrap a layer of metal protective layer to satellite or spacecraft.
The running track of the China Space Station is located in the low -orbital area of the earth, with a height of about 400 kilometers, far lower than the inner boundary of the Van Allen radiation zone.However, how to better ensure the safe crossing of the Fan Allen radiation belt safely by the manned on the moon, it is a topic that requires scientists to continue to explore.
Is there such a "donut" around other planets in the solar system?Welcome to scan the QR code and tell Zhi Lijuns answer!
Writing | Yuan Yan
Responsible editor | Wang Jiaxuan, Duan Yangyang
Operation Edit| Duan YangyangQuality Audit | Industry Lei
❖ Article Source: "Knowledge is Power" magazine"Fan Alan Radiation Belt -Mysterious Outblowing Glose" "❖
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