Author: kerri smith & amp; chris ryan
What are the fields of Nobel Prize winners?How old is they when they win the prize?"Nature" answered these questions by organizing the data of all scientific awards.
Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarding to three scientific fields -chemistry, physics, physiology, or medicine -except for the interruption caused by war reasons,This tradition is maintained almost every year.
"Nature" analyzes the data of 346 awards and 646 winners (the Nobel Prize can be won at the same time by three people), finding out the strongest correlation with the winning prizesfactor.
Each circle represents a Nobel Prize winner.
Five people have won two Nobel Prizes: Frederick Sage, John Bardeen, K. Barry Sharpless, Linus Pauling
The age you most likely to win is 54 -the age of the 24 -year -old winner.The average age of Nobel Prize winners is 58 years.
The youngest Nobel Prize winner is Lawrence Bragg. He was only 25 years old when he won the Physics Award in 1915.Award.
The oldest Nobel Prize winner is John B. Goodnough. He was 97 years old when he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019.He and two other scientists won prizes for developing lithium -ion batteries.
The data shows that in order to increase the probability of winning prizes, your identity is best for men.
If your identity is female, the physiology or medical award is the easiest prize for you.
However, if you are a female scientist, the probability of your award has increased in recent years.
In the 20th century, only 11 Nobel Prize was awarded women.Since 2000, women have won 15 more prizes.
After you make a Nobel Prize level [1], you need to wait for about 20 years to win the prize.Therefore, you should start such projects from the age of 40.
The interval between the work and the winning prize is getting longer and longer. The Nobel Prize winner before 1960 was an average of 14 years, and the Nobel Prize winner in the 2010s was an average of 29 years.But the waiting time also has the upper limit: the Nobel Prize will not be awarded the deceased.
Source: Ref. 1
Prepare to win the prize with others.
The phenomenon of the phenomenon of the physiology or medical prize winner is the most common. 65%of the awards are awarded two or three winners.In the field of chemistry, 55%of the prizes won only one person.
The probability of winning the prize alone has been declining since the middle of the 20th century.
The area is important for those who want Nobel Prize.
If you want to win the Nobel Prize, youd better be born in North America or where you live there.
Almost 54%of the Nobel Prize was awarded to North America.If you are born elsewhere, the best option to win the prize is to move to North America.
In addition, although the probability of winning prizes is slightly lower, it can also be born, settled or moved to Europe.
Only 10 Nobel Prize winners are from low-income countries, and most of these 10 people have moved to the prize.North America or Europe.
In a laboratory that is already or about to be a Nobel Prize winner, or cooperate with the instructor as the Nobel winner, it will greatly increase the probability of the Nobel Prize.Nobel winners often come from laboratories or the Nobel Prize winners [2].They have had a common mentor or student -these people have instructed them or their students, or their students.
Let us first look at a very successful case in a Nobel Prize genealogy.
John W. Strutt won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904 for research on gas characteristics. He has 228 academic descendants won the Nobel Prize -Including his students, students of his students, and so on.Sometimes there will be interval between Nobel Prize winners, but they are still related.
There is only one winning of the students directed by Strutt -Joseph Thomson, which won the prize in 1906.
But THOMSON has continued to grow the family tree-he brought out 9 Nobel Prize winners (one of them was his sonGeorge PageT THOMSON) and 2 chemical winners.
These people later guided many Nobel Prize winners or indirectly trained later winners.
After magnifying, you can see the family spectrum tree of Thomson and Strutt, as as of the end of 2023The relationship map of the Nobel Prize winner.
This data set also includes the winner of the Economics Award from 1969.
You may think that such academic spectrum trees are independent clusters.But in fact, almost all Nobel Prize winners have some connection, no matter how far, just like this huge network picture here.
Among the 736 scientists who have won the Science or Economics Nobel Prize in 2023 and before, as many as 702 people come from the same academic family -Over the common academic connection.
Only the 32 winners displayed on the left are not related to this huge academic family.
One possible explanation is "talent to produce talents", or the previous winner will nominate their scientific juniors (academic personnel must be nominated to get selection qualifications, and the Nobel Prize Committee decides to decideWhoever has the right to nominate?) No matter what ways, the influence of the academic family cannot be ignored.
In addition to selecting the right mentor, choosing the right research field can also increase the chance of winning awards.
Analysis of the 69 scientific awards from 1995 to 2017 [3] shows that there are too many representatives of some disciplines.
5 disciplines only account for more than half of the analysis awards.
