From Tianwen 1 detector to enter the large elliptical fire track, Zhu RongMars -in -Mars has successfully landing in the southern part of the downtown of the Utopia Plain in the northern hemisphere of Mars. It has passed more than 3 years.In the past few years, what precious scientific data did they get?What mysteries do we have to solve?
(Picture source "Knowledge is Power" magazine)
What did Zhu Rong explore?
Is there any water?
In September 2015, American scientists obtained image evidence with liquid flow on the surface of Mars through the Mars rail detector.
When analyzing the detection data of Zhu Rong, Chinese scientists also have relevant major discovery: the rock and soil that Zhu Rong passed during the detection near the landing area, and the common surface of Mars surface, common on the surfaceThere is a significant difference between volcanic rocks. Their layered structure does not seem to be formed by the sedimentation of wind and sand for many years. Instead, it has many characteristics of water flow to the landform.Scientists have inferred that these rocks may form the sea retirement process in the ancient ocean of the Utopia Plain in the north, which is well supported to support hypotheses in the northern part of Mars.
In addition, because the ground is like a layer of hard shell, the Zhu Rong is in the early days when Mars walks, and the wheels are slippery.After analysis of the obtained data, people speculate that this is related to the rock structure of the ground. The Mars surface rock may contain a hydrophilic silica or aquatic sulfate. These substances need a large amount of liquid water to form.
As the detection continues, the Zhu Rong finds a variety of cracks on the surrounding sand walls, these cracks are very similar to the traces left after the liquid water evaporates.Or the water vapor in the atmosphere is left on the rock soil after the frost and snowfall.
Comprehensive analysis of these detection data, scientists have launched the evolution model of the surface characteristics of the Mars dunes, which have a new speculation on the climate conditions of Mars millions of years ago.
Blowing the North Wind
Wind and sand landforms.
In the landing area of Zhu Rong, there is a typical wind sand landform -horizontal wind spine (under the influence of horizontal wind, after years of changes, highlighting the ground is like a ridgeThe structure).Its formation process is closely related to factors such as the wind and wind direction on Mars. It is an important object of scientists studying Mars climate characteristics, which can help people speculate on Marss climate environment.
Scientists by calculating the horizontal wind spine, smooth wind section, and winding beds of the blessing landing area, and they were surprised to find that the giant sand wave patterns on the planet existing on the planet existing on the earthThe parameters are similar.What is even more interesting is that the two wings directions of the horizontal wind spine on Mars point to the south -only under the north wind can it form such a form.The Mars wind farm information measured by the Zhu Rong number, we can infer that the north wind may often be scratched during the ancient times of Mars.
The Zhu Rong number with the landing platform (picture source/China Manned Aerospace Engineering Office)
A bit cold!
In addition to the wind direction, Zhu Rong also measured the wind speed, temperature, air pressure and other information: during the day, the wind speed around it is 2 meters/second to 6 meters/s,The maximum of 10 meters/s (according to the national standard of "Wind", the wind speed of the 5 -level wind is 8 meters/second to 10.7 meters/s).However, Mars has a very thin atmosphere, only about 1%of the earth. If Mars wind is calculated on the earth, its wind should be a lot smaller.
But the temperature of Mars is not as "good" as wind power.The temperature difference between Zhu Rong is close to 90 degrees Celsius.If you want to get liquid water here, you still have to undergo a very severe test.
With the changes in Mars season, the meteorological environment around Zhu Rong also changed.In the north of Mars, from spring to summer, the temperature of the surface and the content of water vapor increased, local air pressure rose, and the quality of dust contained in the atmosphere increased, which are similar to the earth.
The ruts of the Zhu Rong drive are clearly visible (picture source/Chinese manned
Aerospace EngineeringOffice)Eyes over Mars
What do you see?
As another important part of the Mars detection task, the rails of Tianwen No. 1 constantly "patrol" over Mars at a moment, and continuously provide scientists with providing scientistsMars research data.
Mars Energy particles analyzer
The space environment is full of a large amount of solar high -energy particles, for the cosmic environment and loadSpace tasks such as aerospace and deep space detection have greatly affected. Therefore, understanding the acceleration and communication mechanism of high -energy particles in the solar is one of the important issues of related research.
Tianwen No. 1 Mars energy particles analyzer is tens of millions of kilometers near the earth, and observed the sun high -energy particles from the same source area.To better understand the spread of the solar high -energy particles along the magnetic space in the planetary space.
Help Mars Ri Ling Research
Mars Ri Ling means the earth and Mars are running on both sides of the sun,And the three are almost in a straight natural phenomenon.When Mars Ri Ling, the radio signal emitted by the relevant detector will be disturbed by the solar electromagnetic radiation and changes in intensity and frequency. This change can help scientists reverse the activity of the solar.
During the Martian Ri Ling, Tianwen No. 1 obtained a large number of radio disturbance signals with key characteristics, allowing scientists to more accurately deduct the ion movement during solar activity.notFor the first time Mars detects the global image of Mars, its spatial resolution has reached 76 meters, which is the international leading level.It clearly shows the characteristics of the mountains, canyons and other geographical features on the surface of Mars, and laid an important foundation for my countrys subsequent Mars exploration and scientific research tasks.
The first Martian image passed back from the Tianwen No. 1 Mars probe, which is about 2.2 million kilometers from Mars, using the black and white mode Imaging (the source of the source "Knowledge is Power" magazine)
"Model" Tianwen No. 1
Except In addition, Tianwen No. 1 has crossed the North and South Pole District of Mars many times, and obtained an important parameter of the space environment of a large number of Mars. It helped scientists to complete the Observatory Observation Experiment of Mars Covering Star in my country (an important on -. The means are mainly used for low -level atmospheric detection of outdoor planet), which provides important technical references for subsequent development of Mars atmospheric anti -scientific research.The results of Mars detection have also promoted the development of science and technology: Mars atmosphere can be used as a battery reaction fuel material to prepare Mars battery; Mars soil can be used to make fiber materials ...
Through Tianwen No. 1 mission, my country has carried out cooperation and exchanges with many countries and international organizations. Driven by scientists from all over the world, human understanding of Mars is deepening.
On the occasion of New Years Day in 2022, Tianwen No. 1 sent a image to the people across the country with holiday greetings (picture source/ Chinese country Aerospace Bureau/CCTV+/Vision China)
According to the plan, my country will launch Tianwen No. 3 in 2028 to complete the task of collecting Mars surface rock and soil samples and returning to the earth. This is a one. Unprecedented great goals.What is the origin of Mars?What geological evolution has been experienced?And the most important question -Have you ever existed in life?I believe that at that time, we will conduct more in -depth research on these issues.
Writing | Han Da Yang
Editor -in -chief | Niu Zhang Lihan
Operation Edit| Zhang LihanQuality Audit | Industry Lei
❖ Source: "Knowledge is Power" magazine
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