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Junggar Basin, located in the north of Xinjiang, China, is the second largest inland basin in China.The Junggar Basin is located between the Altai and Tianshan Mountains. On the west side of the Mountains of Junggar, the west of Junggar, the east to the foot of the northern tower.The basin is irregular triangle, the terrain is west, and the north is slightly higher than the south, north in the north, north, and north.The height of the Lenku Lake (Burento) is 479.1 meters high, 270 meters of Lake Manas Lake in the middle, and 189 meters in the southwest of Abby Lake, which is the lowest point in the basin.There are several gaps on the west side of the basin, such as the Eris Valley, Ermin Valley and Ala Mountain Pass.West air flow enters from the gap, bringing precipitation to the basin and surrounding mountains.
Name Source: In the early Qing Dynasty, the hinterland of the Junggar Khanate, one of the two major sweat nations in Musi Mongolia.Due to the struggle, war fire, and relocity, "thousands of miles away without tiles and one felt account" were also incorporated into other tribes in the eight flags of Mongolia. LaterEssenceLater, all the people came to the field.
The Junggar Basin is located in the northwest as the Junggar Jorde Mountain, the northeast is Altai, and the north of the south.The land basin is 700 kilometers long, the north -south is 370 kilometers wide, and the area is 380,000 square kilometers.
The abdomen of the basin is the Gulba Tonggut Desert, with an area of 36.9%of the total area of the basin.Chinas second largest basin.Located in the northern part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Tianshan Mountains, the Altai Mountains, and the western mountains, are not waiting for the border triangle.The east to west is 1120 kilometers, and the widest part of the north and south is about 800 kilometers.
There are up to 2000 meters of mountains in the west of the basin, with multiple gaps. The northwest wind blows into the basin. The winter climate is cold and the rain is rich.The edge of the basin is the foothills oasis. The average daily temperature is about 140 to 170 days with a warm period of more than 10 ° C. The cultivation crops are cooked one year for more than a year, and cotton and wheat are rich in cotton and wheat.
The middle part of the basin is a vast grassland and desert (Kurban Tonggut Desert).The direction of the monopoly and semi -fixed sand dunes, the southern edge is a honeycomb -like dune.
The southern edge of the basin is broad, which is the newly-supplied agricultural area.The river that originated in the mountains, was supplied by glaciers and snow melting water.In addition to the Elder River injected into the Arctic Ocean, the inland rivers such as Manas and Ulungu are inland rivers, which are lakes (such as Lake Manas, Wullen Gu, etc.).Gold in the Altai Mountains in the north.
With the development of Xinjiangs tourism industry today, the many unprecedented tourism resources in the basin are increasingly concerned aboutThe adventure travel route is a comprehensive line that communicates the fire, colorful city, colorful city, Devil City, agate beach, Shishugou, dinosaurgou, and stone money beach.
Recently exposed to two projects around the flood ditch around Beijing. While doing the plan, I organized some entry information to share with youEssenceComprehensive collation of geographical graphic
I. The formation of the gap
When the large -scale flood occurs, the flow and flow rate of the water flow have increased sharply.Carry a large amount of sand, stones and branches, etc., impact the mountains, river banks and land with huge power.The powerful impact force can directly erode the surface and dig out the prototype of the gully.
In the mountainous area, the flood runs down from a high place.The sediment and stones in the flood are continuously moved by the water flow. The heavier stones have friction and impact on the ground to exacerbate the surface erosion.At the same time, the water flows to different places. When the water flow slows down, the sediment is deposited.The sedimentary sediment may block the water flow channel, leading to the changing direction of the water flow, new erosion of the surrounding land, and continuously expanding and extending the punching ditch.
2. The punching gap formed by floods can be repaired
(1) Engineering measures1. Build a sand dam dam
built in the upper reaches of the rushing gap, you can intercept sediment and stoneBlocks, reduce the flow of water to downstream.If the ditch with a depth of more than 5 meters and a width of more than 10 meters, a concrete sand dam with a height of more than 5 meters can be considered.For a narrow and shallow ditch, a small stone -building sand block or a stake -stringing sand can be used. If the width is below 3 meters and the depth is within 2 meters, the wooden pile can block the sand dam.
-Shaba dam can also regulate water flow, reduce flood velocity and flow, and reduce harm.
2. Build slope protection
-Surging slope on the slope of the junning gap can prevent the slope collapse and soil loss.For the steeper slope, such as the slope is above 60 degrees, technologies such as spray anchor support can be used to improve the stability; for the slopes with a slow slope, such as the slope below 30 degrees, grass and shrubs can be planted.
3. Laying drainage pipes
-Pay the drainage pipes at the bottom of the punching gap to lead the floods away to avoid stasis and washing.When the flood flow is expected to exceed 100 cubic meters per second, the diameter of the drainage pipeline should not be less than 2 meters.Energy -calorie facilities can be set at the exit of the drainage pipeline, such as falling water and removing ponds to reduce flood flow and energy.
(2) Biological measures
1. Planting trees and grass
Planting trees and turf at the bottom of the slope and the bottom can increase soil stability and prevent soil loss.Choose tree species and grass species suitable for local climate and soil conditions to improve the survival rate and growth rate of vegetation.
2. Restore the wetland
-Afate the wetland in the lower or near near the gap, which can store water, regulate water flow, and purify water quality.Planting aquatic plants such as reeds and calamus provides habitats for aquatic creatures to increase the diversity of ecosystems.
(3) Comprehensive measures
1. Combination of engineering and biological measures
-Give full play to the advantages of the two and improve the effect of punching ditch.For example, while building a sand dam and slope protection, trees and turf are planted; while the drainage pipes are laid, the wetland is restored.
2. Strengthen management and maintenance
-Accorrect management and maintenance project, regular inspection and cleanup facilities.Establish a specialized management group to arrange for professionals to check and maintain the sand dam, slope protection, drainage pipelines, etc., and regularly clean up the sand dam in the upper reaches of the exit groove.Specifies, fertilization and trimming for the slope protection vegetation arrangement.At the same time, strengthen the publicity and education of the surrounding villagers, and improve the awareness of environmental protection.
The following is the specification that can be referenced by repairing floods:
-"Flood Control Standard"GB50201-2014
- "Design Specifications for Embankment Engineering" GB50286-2013
- "Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Grade Division and Flood Standards" SL252-2017
- "Design Specification of Geological Disaster Prevention Engineering"
- "Specification of Rock and Land Engineering Survey" GB50021-2001 (2009 version)
- "Design Specification of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering" GB51018-2014
- "Technical Specifications for Ecological Repair"
-" Specifications for Concrete Structures "GB50010-2010 (2015 edition)
-" Basic Design Specifications for Architects "GB50007-2011
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