Earlier this month, the National Bureau of Statistics released "China Statistical Yearbook 2024" on its official website, and disclosed data such as the birth rate of various provinces in my country in 2023.
Last year, the national average birth rate was 6.39 ‰.The birth rate of 15 provinces is higher than the national average.Among them, a total of 8 provinces have a population of more than 8th (8 ‰), which are Tibet, Guizhou, Ningxia, Hainan, Qinghai, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi.
From the data of the birth rate in the past 10 years, the highest birth rate in 2014 was 13.83 ‰, and in 2015 to 11.99 ‰.In 2016, it was rebounded to 13.57 ‰, and then decreased to 6.39%‰ of last year (2023).Compared with the birth rate of various provinces in 2023 and 2022, it can be found that except for the growth rate of Hainan, Yunnan, and Xinjiang, the remaining provinces have decreased to varying degrees.
For the field of education, the decrease in birth rate directly affects future births.On September 26, the National New Office held a press conference on the theme of education. Wang Guangyan, deputy minister of the Ministry of Education, said that the scale of primary schools in my country has reached the peak in 2023. The junior high school population is still increasing. The regional resources are relatively surplus.
Obviously, with the continuous decline in the birth of the population in recent years, the changes in school -sen sources brought about by the continuous decline in the birth of the population have affected the stage of primary and secondary schools.
Steady transition, and then implement small classification teaching
Recently, the Shandong Provincial Department of Education replied the province the provinceSuggestions from many peoples congress deputies and members of the CPPCC.
The Education Department of the province revealed that dueIn 2028 (May 4th Academic System) and 2029 (Six -Three -three Academic System), we ushered in the highest peak, and then decreased year by year.
In order to deal with the changes in the school -age population, the challenge to the allocation of educational resources, the Provincial Department> 1) Establish an early warning mechanism for degree analysis. Organize the educational administrative departments of the city and county at both levels every year, and work together with the public security, Wei Jian and other departments, and analyze the supply of degree supply according to the population, the population and the total existing degree in urban and rural areas, and the sub -school section.There are early warning notifications in gap counties (cities, districts), and organizing the research and response of degree supply supply in advance;
2) The construction layout of classified planning schools. Focusing on the establishment of a public education service supply mechanism that coordinated the changes in the permanent population, the county (city, district) organization compiled the ten-year layout plan of the primary and secondary school kindergarten (2019-2030), and maintained dynamic adjustment.3) Promote the high -quality and balanced development of education. Adhere to the standard leadership and shrink the gap between the development of the region. The 6 departments of the Provincial Department of Education have revised the "Standards for School Conditions for General Primary and secondary schools in Shandong Province", adhere to the principles of county -level coordination, balanced development, and different guidance, and clarify the requirements for basic school conditions in primary and secondary schools.EssenceImplement a strong school expansion operation, reduce the gap between the inter -school development, take high -quality schools as the core, and broadly establish 3,678 school development communities with a working mechanism for urban and townships, strong and weak work mechanisms.Promote the growth of new and high -quality schools.
4) Explore the extension service under preschool education. In order to cope with the sharp decline in the birth population, make full use of existing idle resources to better serve the peoples childcare needs, the Provincial Department of Education, in conjunction with the Provincial Party Committee Editorial Office, the Provincial Health and Health Commission jointly conducts special investigations, and reports the survey reportSign signs in the provincial leadership.
Shandong Provincial Department of Education also emphasized that After the peak of elementary school enrollment stabilized today and next year, the standardization constructionOn the basis of solving the basic conditions such as students transportation, accommodation, lunch break, etc., the school is "small, scattered, and weak" schools in the village.
Among them, the number of primary and secondary school classes, and the call for promoting small class teaching has not been seen in recent years.During the two sessions of this year, the Central Committee of the Peoples Republic of China stated in the "Proposal on Adapting to the Development Trends and Accelerating the Construction Teachers Teachers" that my countrys population development shows the trend characteristics of young childization, aging, and regional population increase and decrease. Teachers resource allocation and high -quality teacher team construction have raised three major problems: first, the population birth rate decreases, and the constant decrease in the needs of students and teachers in basic education stages; second, the differences in economic and social development and population flow factors, bringing regional teachers Demand differences; Third, the construction tasks of high -quality teachers have brought higher requirements for teachers policy innovation and quality improvement.
The current standard classes in my country are 45 elementary schools and 50 junior high schools. There are a large gap between the standards of the average primary school in OECD countries and 23 junior high schools. Therefore, it is recommended to completely eliminate the phenomenon of large classes, and promote small class teaching in steps and regions to gradually reduce the scale of class, promote the interaction of teachers and students, and improve the quality of education and teaching.
Get a good future preparation from college
In the field of college, small classification teaching is not uncommon.College experience may be a reference for the "small classization era" that is about to usher in primary and secondary schools.
The "Chinese Undergraduate Employment Report" and "China High Student Employment Report" released by Michaels in the year show that it is difficult for teachersCollege students believe that classroom teaching needs to improve important issues.Many colleges and universities and third -party institutions cooperate with teachers teaching evaluation projects that the scores of small class classrooms are always higher than large classes.
Obviously, in small classrooms with higher students participation and controllable teachers and students, teachers can further tap teaching potential and improve the quality of classrooms.
However, the small class class has higher or different requirements for teachers teaching ability.Based on the successful experience of small class reform reforms such as Peking University, Sichuan University, and Fudan University, it can be found.The test of teachers teaching ability in small class includes:
#Teaching concept change. Small class teaching requires teachers to place students in the center of teaching activities, pay more attention to students needs and interests to stimulate students learning enthusiasm and initiative;
#Course design ability update. Small class chemical teaching requires teachers to have more scientific and reasonable curriculum design capabilities.Teachers need to formulate teaching content to students, methods, methods and steps to guide their activities, etc. to ensure the effective progress of the teaching process;
#Classroom teaching ability is strengthened. Small class teaching emphasizes the integration and interaction between teachers and students.Teachers need to have stronger teacher -student interaction ability, can establish a harmonious teacher -student relationship with students, and stimulate students learning interest and enthusiasm through effectively interacting; at the same time, they need to pay attention to the individual differences of students and formulate personalized personalization based on the different characteristics of students.Teaching plans, teaching according to their aptitude, and promote the comprehensive development of each student;
#Teaching evaluation method upgrade. In the small class teaching, teachers need to regularly evaluate students learning results to ensure that both teachers and students understand the learning progress and teaching effects in order to make adjustments in time.
From the experience of college, small class teaching is by no means "the number of students is small, and the teacher teaching is easy" is just as simple.For example, Peking University adopts a combination of large -scale lectures and small classes for teaching methods. The theoretical knowledge of large lessons teachs theoretical knowledge as the pavement of small class discussions.In the small class seminars, teachers will integrate different curriculum teaching forms such as scenario dramas, debates, interview questions, and problem solving based on the content of the curriculum to ensure that students can absorb, translate and use knowledge in competition and cooperation.
Small classic courses put forward higher requirements for teacher evaluation students learning results. One is to emphasize process evaluation, rather than traditional final summary evaluation, thereby strengthening the role of evaluating the role of science and promoting scienceEssenceAt the same time, the evaluation method cannot be limited to the test papers. Teachers can use different methods such as classroom Q & A, practical operations, small projects, small papers, and verbal reports. Evaluations are not limited to teachers and can be served by students and students themselves.
Indeed, primary and secondary school students are different from college students mental maturity, and the teaching focus of different stages is also different.For teachers in primary and secondary schools, you can learn about the generalization and methods of generalization summarized in the process of small classes in the teaching process of college teachers, and then combine with the academic conditions of their respective sections.Essence
Over the years, countless elementary and middle school students have longed for it, but in our countrys basic education, the focus is to ensure that "everyone has a learning" and the current classrooms that are currently unconditional.Under the background of the reduction of students, it will become a reality.
This may be the moment when crisis and opportunities coexist. The challenges brought by the reduction of the school -age population have also promoted the development of basic education in a more refined and personalized direction.As an important part of this change, small class teaching is not only a transcendence of traditional education models, but also the exploration of future education models.When changing is imminent, whether it is a high education or basic education, both schools and teachers need to actively respond to challenge.
The Ministry of Education estimates that higher education school -age population will continue to increase by 2032, and in the future, degree demand will continue to expand.However, major universities should also plan ahead and prepare for the decline in the source of students.According to the development of education in 2023 published by the Ministry of Education, in terms of student comparison, general undergraduates are 17.51: 1, undergraduate level vocational schools are 17.57: 1, and high vocational (college) schools are 18.92: 1. Compared with last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year (last year17.65: 1; 18.31: 1; 19.69: 1) have improved.
Low -enabled teacher ratio will help improve the quality of teaching and realize personalized education.Universities should follow the trend of the decline in the number of school age in the future. On the one hand, we must optimize the construction of teachers, attract more outstanding teachers, and provide teachers with continuous training and development opportunities. On the other handEnvironment, such as seminar rooms, small laboratories, etc.Only in this way can universities take advantage of future education competition and calmly cope with the challenges brought by issues such as students.
Main references:
[1] The National New Office held the "Promoting High -quality Development" series of theme press conference (Ministry of Education). Guoxin.com, 20240926.
[2] Shandong: Strengthen the high -quality and balanced development of county education, and gradually implement small class teaching after the peak of elementary school enrollment. Surging news, 20241003.
[3] Promote small class teaching in the whole school!The undergraduate teaching reform of this "double first -class" university is done. Michaelis research public account, 20201122.
[4] The undergraduate education reform in the eyes of the old professor.Thinking public account, 20221024.
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