This research has developed an experimental paradigm, which can successfully induce four core symptoms of non -clinical samples: sadness, mood of the world, a sense of value/guilt and attention difficultyconcentrated.The experimental paradigm includes social exclusion through the improved version of the online ball game, and then the error feedback is performed.Compared with the control group participants, the exclusive participants have conducted more cause and effect analysis and produced more anti -self -blame and inferiority.The performance of the participants outside the work memory task is affected, which indicates that anti -crickets will interfere with the concentration of attention.This study has limitations, including the short duration of the symptoms compared with clinical depression.
Experimental studies of depression are mostly dependent on related or case -control methods., Not just sadness.
A previous pilot study found that "Cyberball Ball-Tossing" rejected the manipulation and increased sadness and reduced happiness.This study aims to develop a paradigm that induce depression in the control environment.
Cyberball Ball-Tossing is a psychological experimental paradigm for studying social rejection.This experiment uses a virtual ball game to simulate the scene of social acceptance and exclusion, so that the participants can experience the feeling of being accepted or rejected.In the experiment, the participants will play an online pass game with two other virtual players.At the beginning of the game, all players will receive the ball equally, but then, some participants will experience the exclusion scene, that is, they no longer receive the ball.
Cyberball Ball-Tossing Experiment provides an effective tool for studying the psychological mechanisms and influences of social rejection, helping scientists better understand human behavior and emotion in social interaction in social interactionreaction.
Research Method
Research the 134 undergraduates (112 girls, 22 boys) randomly allocated to the exclusion group and control group.28 participants have been diagnosed with depression or anxiety.
The participants fill out the questionnaire, talk under the guidance to understand each other, and then sort the people they want to cooperate with them, and then they play the virtual ball.In their respective rooms, the participants participated in the online throw game, and they all thought it was carried out in real time with other participants.
However, the game is pre -arranged:
The participants of the exclusion group have received very few ball throws, and they will receive a mistaken feedback from their partners (they are not the first or second choice of anyone, so they will be transferred to "single"Game mode).
The tolerance group (control group) obtained a fair allocation of ball throwing in the entire game, andSwitch to the "single player" game mode under an excuse that a participant (alliance) must leave.
Participants report their emotions before and after the game, write down 25 minutes of experience, and then be inKeep in mind the work memory task while keeping in mind the word form.
Measurement method:
Nine patients Health questionnaire (PHQ-9): Evaluate depression symptoms
Value-Emotional spectrum (VAMP) Measure sadness, happiness, anxiety and calmness
Siwen Advanced Matrix: Evaluate Work Memory
Scores writing according to the anti -刍 theme:There are problems, cause and effect analysis, self -blame, inferiority, anti -facts
Statistics measurement: Founded analysis of the emotions of each group compare the emotions of each groupAnd work memory performance.The T-test and Mann-Whitney U compared the writing scores between each group.Related to test the relationship between scoring variables.
Results
Forecast 1 is supported: Compared with the control group, the degree of sorrow of the excluded participants in the work memory task is moreHigh and happiness are lower, and the performance is worse.
Partial support prediction 2: Analysis of the participants article found that the exclusive participants showed more self -blame, inferiority, causal analysis and problems, but did not showMore anti -things.
Forecast 3 to be partially supported: the overall performance of the exclusive participants in the work memory task is poor.
Revelation
This study provides experimental evidence, which proves that Social exclusion will cause a series of depression symptoms in the original healthy young people., Not just sadness.
These symptoms seem to surround a anti-rumor process, which involves the fundamental cause of the rejection event-And blame yourself.This anti -cricket seems to occupy cognitive resources and interfere with non -related tasks that need concentration.
It is important that researchers have induced the core symptoms of four DSM depression, which shows that these standards may cause normal response to some social pressure.
These results are consistent with the theory of evolution, that is, depression can promote analytical thinking methods to understand and avoid harmful social events.Future work can use this example to explore other assumptions about depression and phenomenology.
Clinical Significance
Prove that social exclusion can cause anti -pheasant depression syndrome of healthy young people, which is between normal depression and disorders depression.The boundaries are of great significance.
The current diagnostic criteria may cause excessive pathization of peoples response to social pressure, which is common in the crowd and has potential adaptability.The thoughts and feelings aimed at handling the stress incident rather than suppressing them may better help individuals learn and recover from these experiences.
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References
Altman, M., Et Al. (2024). An experimental paradigm for triggering a depression syndrome.emotion,24 (6), 1442–1455. Https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001338
